Generalidades sobre Anatomia Sistemática das Aves

Abstract

The functioning of an organism is maintained only thanks to a set of systems that work in an integrated way. Each system contributes to the body carrying out its vital activities, maintaining internal balance in response to environmental conditions. In animal production, basic knowledge of these systems is essential to ensure efficiency, and this was the objective of the teaching material developed by the academics of the extension project "Knowing, respecting and producing poultry: didactic and alternative models in the teaching and learning process", linked to the discipline Anatomy of Domestic Animals (BA065) of the Zootechnics course at the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR). The work presents morphologically each system and its respective functions: (a) Circulatory, responsible for blood transport; (b) Nervous, which coordinates functions and integrates responses to stimuli; (c) Reproductive, which ensures reproduction and the continuity of the species; (d) Endocrine, responsible for the release of hormones; (e) Respiratory, which performs gas exchange; (f) Digestive system, adapted in birds with structures such as the crop, gizzard, and cloaca; (g) Urinary system, responsible for the removal of metabolic waste; (h) Muscular and skeletal system, which provide body support and movement; and (i) Integumentary system, which protects the body and helps regulate temperature. The material also highlights unique characteristics of birds, such as the presence of air sacs in the respiratory system, the light digestive system with a gizzard, the proportionally large heart and high metabolism, as well as the single ovary in females, the absence of a urinary bladder, and the cloacal bursa related to the immune system.