Topografia do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo - Maquete

Abstract

The body is controlled by various physiological factors, and undoubtedly, one of the most important pillars for this control is the Nervous System. It can be divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS), formed by the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), formed by nerves and ganglia. The PNS, in turn, is subdivided into: the Somatic Nervous System (SNS), responsible for voluntary movements, such as muscle contraction, and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), which controls the automatic and involuntary functions of the body, such as heartbeat, respiration, and digestion. Understanding the function and location of these systems is essential for animal production, especially the ANS, which is divided into two antagonistic branches: the Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System (SANS), which acts in emergency and stress situations, known as the fight-or-flight system, and the Parasympathetic Autonomic Nervous System (PANS), which acts in resting situations. Both are responsible for fundamental physiological responses in the management and performance of production animals. This work was developed by the academic monitor of the Comparative Anatomy of Domestic Animals (BA065) course, in the Animal Science program at the Federal University of Paraná, as part of the teaching initiation program. The objective of this didactic model was to show the topography of the Autonomic Nervous System (Sympathetic and Parasympathetic), specifically the location of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons and their respective nuclei, ganglia, nerves and nerve terminals, and to report some examples of their antagonistic and complementary actions.