Sustainable processing by additive manufacturing
Resumo
The search for more efficient manufacturing processes is closely linked to the availability of more sustainable production techniques. In this context, plasma-transferred arc additive manufacturing (PTA-MA) can produce mechanical components by deposition of overlapped layers using metallic powders, generating the desired geometry without the need for complex molds or a wide range of tools. It is a highly efficient technology, with less generation of industrial rejects, low raw-material waste, and toxic gas-free processing. PTA-MA technology offers the possibility to modify the powders' chemical composition, and by controlling the growth of the layers, it is possible to obtain improved and complex parts in a single production step. The result is the manufacture of mechanical components with higher service life, thus reducing industrial scrap. Although profound changes in manufacturing with this technology are necessary, it also introduces a high potential to increase economic growth and sustainable industrial development. Studies regarding the technical and economic feasibility of new materials, modified powder compositions, in-situ alloying, and functional gradient formations are relevant topics in additive manufacturing. This work used the PTA-AM advantages to process high temperatures alloys, creating chemical composition gradients and mechanical properties, as shown by the results presented and discussed here. Increasing performance in terms of mechanical strength and service life in harsh environments is mandatory to reach higher levels of operational efficiency in various industries, such as power generation, aviation, chemical, petrochemical, and metallurgy.