Efeito das práticas educativas parentais sobre o comportamento infrator de adolescentes
Abstract
Resumo: O aumento de comportamentos anti-sociais emitidos por adolescentes tem sido objetivo frequente de pesquisas em Psicologia e quando este comportamento confronta-se com a lei, configura-se um campo de estudo interdisciplinar pela estreita relacao com o Direito. A literatura consultada demonstra que as praticas educativas parentais sao propiciadoras e mantenedoras do comportamento antisocial de criancas e adolescentes. Este estudo pretendeu identificar as praticas educativas positivas (monitoria positiva e comportamento moral) e negativas (negligencia, monitoria negativa, disciplina relaxada, punicao inconsistente e abuso fisico) no processo educacional de adolescentes em conflito com a lei. A distribuicao de frequencia destas praticas resultou no estabelecimento do indice de Estilo Parental de Risco para as familias da amostra, a qual foi composta de 41 adolescentes autores de atos infracionais em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa e de protecao, e seus respectivos pais. Os dados foram coletados atraves do Inventario de Estilo Parental de Risco (Gomide, 2003) e de duas questoes abertas que foram formuladas. Tanto para a analise de indice de Estilo Parental de Risco, quanto para o estudo das praticas educativas utilizou-se o teste estatistico de Wilcoxon e a analise de correlacao de Spearman. Os resultados indicaram a media negativa do indice de Estilo Parental de Risco e evidente predominio das praticas educativas negativas que parecem neutralizar o efeito das positivas. Foi realizada analise de discurso das perguntas abertas, a qual indicou que os sujeitos da amostra atribuem predominantemente a causalidade do ato infracional a "mas companhias" mas reconhecem que o auxilio mais adequado ao jovem infrator fundamenta-se em modificacoes nas praticas educativas. O conjunto dos resultados sugere a semelhanca na percepcao entre filho, pai e mae sobre as praticas educativas utilizadas em sua familia e que estas sao de risco, porem ao formularem livremente suas crencas sobre as possiveis causas da infracao, atribuiram a causalidade predominantemente a fatores externos. No entanto, os participantes da pesquisa demonstraram acreditar que mudancas nas relacoes entre os filhos e os pais poderiam auxiliar o adolescente na situacao vivida atualmente de estar em conflito com a lei. Abstract: The increase of anti-social behaviors by adolescents has frequently been object of Psychology research and whenever such behaviors confront law, a whole new field of interdisciplinary study opens up due to the close relationship of the subject with Law. Literature reviewed demonstrates that parental educational practices encourage and maintain anti-social behavior in children and adolescents. This study aimed at identifying both positive educational practices (positive monitoring and moral behavior) and negative (negligence, negative monitoring, relaxed discipline, inconsistent punishment and physical abuse) in the educational process of adolescents who act offensively. Frequency distribution of such practices led to setting forth a rate of Risky Parental Style for the sample families, made up of 41 adolescents who had given offense and were serving a special sentence as a social-educational and protective measure, along with their respective parents. Data were collected through the Inventory of Risky Parental Style .(Gomide, 2003) and two other open questions addressed. Both for the analysis of the Risky Parental Style and for the study of educational practices, the Wilcoxon statistical test and the correlation analysis of Spearman were used. Results indicated negative mean rate of the Risky Parental Style and an evident prevalence of negative educational practices that seem to neutralize the effect of the positive ones. A speech analysis of the open questions was carried out, which indicated that individuals of the sample predominantly related the cause of the offense to the "bad company" but acknowledge that the best assistance to the offensive youngster is based on changes in the educational practices. The set of results suggests a similarity of perception between child, father and mother about the educational practices adopted in the family and the realization that they involve risk; however when freely formulating their beliefs about the possible cause of the offence, they assigned the liability predominantly to external factors. Yet, the participants of the survey seemed to believe that changes in the relationship between parents and children could help the latter in facing the current situation of law infringement.
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