Reprodução, dispersão primária e regeneração de Manilkara subsericea(Mart.) Dubard, Podocarpus sellowii Klotzch e Tapirira guianensis Aubl. em floresta ombrófila densa das terras baixas, Paranaguá-PR

Abstract

Resumo: No período de 1999 a 2000, em uma floresta Ombró6fila Densa das Terras Baixas, no município de Paranaguá, Paraná foram utilizadas oito matrizes de cada espécie (Tapirira guio.lpnsis Aubl.- cupiuva, Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard.mayaranduba e Podocarpus sellowii Klotzch- pinho-bravo) para o desenvolvimento deste estudo. Atraves de amostragem simples casualizada em T. guianensis identificou-se a media de flores/inflorescencia (15,90) e inflorescencia/ramo floral (45,25). Para a frutificaçao em T. guianensis teve-se 5,56 frutos/inflorescencia e 47,07 frutos(inflorescencia)/ramo floral, e a conversao de 2,86 flores em um fruto. Para M. subsericea foram 2,41 frutos/inflorescencia e 140 frutos(inflorescencias)/ramo floral. Em P. sellowii foram 4,03 frutos/ram01 e 83,42 frutos/ram02. Nos pesos das biomassas fresca e seca nos estagios imaturo, prematuro e maduro utilizou-se 8 repetiçoes de 20 frutos em delineamento casualizado. Em T. guianensis, respectivamente para cada peso, obteve-se em frutos imaturos 5,07g e 1,37g; em frutos prematuros 7,71 9 e 2.45g: em frutos maduros 14,66g e 5.50g. Em M. subsericea, os frutos imaturos de biomassas fresca e seca da primeira foram 2,15g e 0,70g, e da ultima classe 19,59g e 7,06g. Para a fase madura 0 peso fresco foi 116,20g e 0 peso seco 39,78g. Em P. sellowii, respectivamente para cada peso, obteve-se em frutos imaturos 8,31 9 e 2,89g; em frutos prematuros 19,25g e 4,21 g; em frutos maduros 24,47g e 5,40g. o diametro do fruto para T. guianensis foi de 10,89mm; para M. subsericea foi de 20,9mm; para P. sellowii foi de 10,85mm. Utilizando-se de oito repetiçoes de 100 sementes no peso de mil sementes para T. guianensis foi de 19,33g com 43,86% de umidade; e de 84.98g com 37,8% de umidade para M. subsericea; para P. sellowii foi de 4,4g com 26.83% de umidade. Na germinaçao utilizou-se 8 repetiçoes de 25 sementes ou 10 repetiçoes de 20 sementes, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, seguido de aplicaçao do teste de Tukey. Os melhores resultados foram germinaçao a 30°C em vermiculita para T. guianensis (25%); germinayao a 25°C em vermiculita para M. subsericea (44.5%); germinayao a 25°C em vermiculita para P. sellowii (49.5%). Na dispersao e regenerayao utilizou-se amostragem simples em 8 matrizes. Semanalmente as frutos foram contados em coletores (1 mx1 m). Em T. guianensis, a dispersao teve inicio em 27/01/2000 e termino em 25/05/2000. e media de 157,07 frutos/m2. A distribuiçao espacial ocorreu em 19 m, com maiores valores entre 2 a 11 m. Durante as 18 semanas houve maior dispersao entre as semanas 3 e 10. Para M. subsericea a dispersao iniciou em 03/02/2000 e terminou em 27/04/2000, e media de 28,09 frutos/m2. A distribuiçao espacial ocorreu em 11 m, com maiores valores entre 4 a 7 m. Para P. sellowii, a dispersao teve inicio em 24/02/2000 e terminou em 05/06/2000. e media de 96,27 frutos/m2. A distribuiçao espacial ocorreu em 11 m, com maiores valores ate 7 m. A dispersao foi concentrada na semana 7 (3492 frutos). Na regeneraçao em T. guianensis. a media de individuos/m2 foi 13.17. A distribuiçao espacial atingiu 13 m, concentrando-se entre 3 a 8 m. Em M. subsericea. a media foi 2,79 individuos/m2. A distribuiçao espacial atingiu 13 m, concentrando-se entre 1 a 3 m de distancia do tronco. Na regeneraçao de P. sellowii, a media foi de 4,49 individuos/m2 A distribuiçao espacial atingiu 18 metros

Paranaguá, Paraná were used eight parental plants of each species (T. guianensís-Tapirira guianensis Aubl., M. subsericea-Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard. and P. sellowii-Podocarpus sellowií Klotzch), to the develop of this study. In T. guianensis (15/10/1999) was identified the average of flowers/inflorescence (15,90) and inflorescence/floral branch (45,25). T. guianensis had 5,56 in fruits/inflorescence and 47,07 fruits(inflorescence)/floral branch, and the conversion of 2,86 flowers on a given fruit. For M. subsericea was 2,41 fruits/inflorescence and 140 fruits(inflorescences)/floral branch. In P. se/lowii accounted for 4,03 fruitslbranch1 and 83,42 fruitslbranch2. In the fresh and dry biomass weights in the immature, premature and mature stages, 8 repetitions of 20 fruits were used in completely randomized design. In T. guianensis, respectively for each weight, it was obtained in immature fruits 5,07g and 1,37g; in premature fruits 7,71g e 2,45g; in mature fruits 14,66g and 5,50g. In M. subsericea, the immature fruits, the weights of fresh and dry biomasses of the first class were 2,15g and O,70g, and the last class 19,59g and 7,06g. To the mature phase, the fresh weight was 116,20g and the dry weight 39,78g. In P. sellowii, respective/y for each weight, it was obtained in immature fruits 8,31g and 2,89g; in premature fruits 19,25g and 4,21g; in mature fruits 24,47g and 5,40g. In the diameter fruit was 10,89mm for T. guianensis; for M. subsericea it was 20,9mm; for P. sellowii it was 10,85mm. In the weight of 1000 seeds for T. guianensis was 19,33g with 43,86% of humidity; and 84,98g with 37,8% of humidity for M. subsericea; to P. sellowii it was 4,4g with 26,83% of humidity. Eight repetitions of 25 seeds or 10 repetitions of 20 seeds were used In the analysis of the germination. The best results were germination at 30°C in vermiculita for T. guianensis (25%); germination at 25°C in vermiculita for M. subsericea (44,5%); germination at 25°C in vermiculita for P. sellowii (49,5%). It was used simple sampling in 8 parental plants in the dispersal and regeneration. Weekly the fruits were counted in the collectors (1 mx1 m). In T. guianensis, the dispersal began on 27/01/2000 and ended on 25/0512000, and the average 157,07 fruits/m2. Spatial distribution occurred within a 19 m radius, with larger values between 2 to 11 m. During the 18 weeks the largest dispersal was between the weeks 3 and 10. For M. subsericea the dispersal began on 03/0212000 and ended on 27/04/2000, and the average 28,09 fruits/m2. Spatial distribution occurred within 11 m radius, with larger values between 4 to 7 m. For P. sellowii, dispersal began on 24/0212000 and finished on 05/06/2000, and the average 96,27 fruits/m2. Spatial distribution occurred in 11 m radius, with the larger values up to 7 m. Dispersal was concentrated in the 7 week (3492 fruits). In the regeneration in T. guianensís, the average individual/m2 was 13,17. Spatial distribution reached 13 m radius, concentrating between 3 to 8 m. In M. subsericea, the average individual/m2 was 2,79. Spacial distribution reached 13 m, concentrating between 1 to 3 m of distance from the trunk. In the P. sellowii regeneration, the average individual/m2 was 4,49. Spatial distribution reached 18 m, concentrating in the first 3 m.

Abstract: In the period of 1999-2000, in a Lowland Dense Ombrophious Forest, in the country Paranaguá, Paraná were used eight parental plants of each species (T. guianensis- Tapirira guianensis Aubl., M. subsericea-Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard. and P. sellowii-Podocarpus sellowii Klotzch), to the develop of this study. In T. guianensis (15/10/1999) was identified the average of flowers/inflorescence (15,90) and inflorescence/floral branch (45,25). T. guianensis had 5,56 in fruits/inflorescence and 47,07 fruits(inflorescence)/floral branch, and the conversion of 2,86 flowers on a given fruit. For M. subsericea was 2,41 fruits/inflorescence and 140 fruits(inf}orescences)/f)oral branch. In P. sellowii accounted for 4,03 fruits/branch 1 and 83,42 fruits/branch2. In the fresh and dry biomass weights in the immature, premature and mature stages, 8 repetitions of 20 fruits were used in completely randomized design. In T. guianensis, respectively for each weight, it was obtained in immature fruits 5,07g and 1,37g; in premature fruits 7,71g e 2,45g; in mature fruits 14,66g and 5,50g. In M. subsericea, the immature fruits, the weights of fresh and dry biomasses of the first class were 2,15g and 0,70g, and the last class 19,59g and 7,06g. To the mature phase, the fresh weight was 116,20g and the dry weight 39,78g. In P. sellowii, respectively for each weight, it was obtained in immature fruits 8,31 g and 2,89g; in premature fruits 19,25g and 4,21 g; in mature fruits 24,47g and 5,40g. In the diameter fruit was 10,89mm for T. guianensis; for M. subsericea it was 20,9mm; for P. sellowii it was 10,85mm. In the weight of 1000 seeds for T. guianensis was 19,33g with 43,86% of humidity; and 84,98g with 37,8% of humidity for M. subsericea; to P. sellowii it was 4,4g with 26,83% of humidity. Eight repetitions of 25 seeds or 10 repetitions of 20 seeds were used In the analysis of the germination. The best results were germination at 30°C in vermiculita for T. guianensis (25%); germination at 25°C in vermiculita for M. subsericea (44,5%); germination at 25°C in vermiculita for P. sellowii (49,5%). It was used simple sampling in 8 parental plants in the dispersal and regeneration. Weekly the fruits were counted in the collectors (1mx1m). In 7. guianensis, the dispersal began on 27/01/2000 and ended on 25/05/2000, and the average 157,07 fruits/m2. Spatial distribution occurred within a 19 m radius, with larger values between 2 to 11 m. During the 18 weeks the largest dispersal was between the weeks 3 and 10. For M. subsericea the dispersal began on 03/02/2000 and ended on 27/04/2000, and the average 28,09 fruits/m2. Spatial distribution occurred within 11 m radius, with larger values between 4 to 7 m. For P. sellowii, dispersal began on 24/02/2000 and finished on 05/06/2000, and the average 96,27 fruits/m2. Spatial distribution occurred in 11 m radius, with the larger values up to 7 m. Dispersal was concentrated in the 7 week (3492 fruits). In the regeneration in T. guianensis, the average individual/m2 was 13,17. Spatial distribution reached 13 m radius, concentrating between 3 to 8 m. In M. subsericea, the average individual/m2 was 2,79. Spacial distribution reached 13 m, concentrating between 1 to 3 m of distance from the trunk. In the P. sellowii regeneration, the average individual/m2 was 4,49. Spatial distribution reached 18 m, concentrating in the first 3 m