Aspectos fitossociológicos e pedológicos em remanescente florestal e florística em afloramento rochoso no município de Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brasil

Abstract

Resumo: O estudo de aspectos fitossociologicos e pedologicos em um remanescente florestal circundante a um afloramento rochoso, em area com 17 ha, no municipio de Campo Mourao, PR, teve como objetivo identificar a floristica relictual no citado afloramento de basalto, bem como caracterizar o fragmento florestal, atraves de estudos fitossociologicos interativos as caracteristicas dos solos. Para tanto, foram efetuadas observacoes quinzenais e coleta de material botanico para herborizacao. Para o levantamento de solos e vegetacao foram implantados tres transectos (A, B e C) na area de remanescente, cada qual com 18 parcelas de 50 m2 (5 x 10m), para os solos foram descritos dois perfis em cada transecto e coletadas duas amostras complementares. A area com afloramento de basalto e caracterizada por nicho especifico, a floristica resultou em 87 especies, de 74 generos e 46 familias botanicas, as quais estao distribuidas em nucleos vegetais disjuntos, caracterizados pela presenca tanto de especies herbaceas quanto de arboreas, no entanto, visualmente ha dominio de individuos de gramineas, bromeliaceas e cactaceas, especialmente, Bromelia balansae e Parodia ottonis. No transecto A, composto por Neossolo Litolico e Regolitico sao solos dessaturados por receberem altas cargas hidricas do afloramento. Foram amostrados 296 individuos, pertencentes a 40 especies e 17 familias botanicas, as tres especies com maior valor de importancia foram Eugenia uniflora, Sebastiania brasiliensis e Helietta apiculata, apesar de estar passando por processo de regeneracao este transecto apresentou evolucao da vegetacao de acordo com o aprofundamento do solo. Nos transectos B e C os principais tipos de solos foram Neossolo Litolico e Cambissolo Haplico, caracterizados por alta fertilidade. No B foram amostrados 162 individuos de 46 especies e 22 familias botanicas, onde as especies mais importantes foram Pilocarpus pennatifolius, E. uniflora e Cereus hildmannianus. No transecto C foram amostrados 201 individuos, pertencentes a 38 especies e 15 familias botanicas, as especies mais importantes foram P. pennatifolius, Holocalyx balansae, H. apiculata e Campomanesia xanthocarpa. Nestes dois transectos o processo de recuperacao ambiental esta comprometido, principalmente pela alta densidade de lianas. Nao houve mudancas no porte da vegetacao de acordo o espessamento dos solos. Os indices de diversidade de (H.) resultaram em valores que denotam riqueza floristica, respectivamente 2,714, 3,302 e 3,132 e a equabilidade (J) de 0,731,0,858 e 0,861. Apesar de a area apresentar-se em estagios iniciais de sucessao, o entendimento destes processos e de extrema importancia como subsidio a outras pesquisas, alem de apresentar ambiente analogo pouco conhecido.

Abstract: The study of phytosociological and pedological aspects in a Forest fragment surrounding a rocky outcrop in area of 17 ha, in Campo Mourão, PR, aimed to identify relictual floristic in the basalt outcrop, and to characterize the fragment through phytosociological studies related to studies of soils characteristics. To do so, observations and the gathering of botanical material for herborization were made every 15 days. For the description of soils and vegetation were established three transects (A, B and C) in the remaining area, each with 18 plots of 50 m2 (5 x 10 m) for each soil transected were describer two profiles two soil profiles and collected two additional samples. The area with outcropping of basalt is characterized by specific niche, the floristic resulted in 87 species from 74 genera and 46 botanical families, which are unevenly distributed, and characterized by the presence of both trees and herbaceous species, however, visually there is a predominance grass crops, bromeliads and cacti, especially Bromelia balansae and Parodia ottonis. In transect A, composed of Litolic Neosols and Regolithic, are desaturated soil by the high loads of water that receive. We sampled 296 individuals belonging to 40 species and 17 botanical families, the three species with the highest importance were Eugenia uniflora, Sebastiania brasiliensis and Helietta apiculata, though going through process of regeneration this transect presented vegetation evolution according to deepening of the soil. In the transects B and C the main types of soils were Litolic Neosols, and Haplic Cambisols characterized by high fertility. In B were sampled 162 individuals from 46 species and 22 botanical families, where the most important species were Pilocarpus pennatifolius, E. uniflora and Cereus hildmannianus. In transect C were sampled 201 individuals belonging to 38 species and 15 botanical families, the most important species were P. pennatifolius, Holocalyx balansae, H. apiculata and Campomanesia xanthocarpa. In these two transects the process of ecological restoration has been compromised, mainly by the high density of lianas. There was no change in the size of the vegetation according to the thickening of the soil. The diversity Shannon index (H ') resulted in values that denote species richness, respectively 2,714, 3,302 and 3,132 and the equability (J) 0,861, 0,731 and 0,858. Although the area presented in the initial stages of succession, the understanding of these processes is of great importance to support other researches, and present little known analogue environment.