Estudo sobre Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera, Muscidae) da região neotropical

Abstract

Resumo: Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 foi estudado através de diferentes técnicas de taxonomia fenética, associada a análises cladísticas. O uso simultâneo destes métodos facilitou a redução dos 77 caracteres iniciais (21 quantitativos e 56 qualitativos) para 19 caracteres mais significativos. Foram utilizados índices nos caracteres quantitativos para eliminar a influência de tamanho. Machos e fêmeas foram estudados isoladamente. Dos 77 caracteres analisados, os 66 primeiros são comuns a ambos os sexos, 67 a 70 aos machos e 71 a 77 apenas às fêmeas. Foram obtidos quatro grupos das espécies neotropicais: grupo mexicana (major, mexicana, minuta, nigerrima e robusta), relacionado às espécies neárticas; grupo brasiliensis (bella, brasiliensis, elongata, gallicola, giacomeli, jamaicensis, machadoi,santoamarensis, sensistarsis, simplex, splendida e tachinoides), habitando os mais variados morfoclimas da América do Sul; grupo femorata (femorata, texensis e vockerothi) e grupo trigona (anoctiluca, cacheuta, catamacla, catharinensis, noctiluca, plaumanni e trigona), vivendo na Argentina e regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Foram feitas descrições detalhadas das 13 espécies como novas: anoctiluca (Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Brasil), bella (Avispas, Madre de Dios, Peru), catharinensis (Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Brasil), jamaicensis (Jamaica), major (Durango, Durango, México), mexicana (La Ciudad, Durango, México), minuta (El Salto, Durango, México), nigerrima (Amanalco, México, México), plaumanni (Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Brasil), robusta (El Salto, Durango, México), sensitarsis (Avispas, Madre de Dios, Peru), splendida (Avispas, Madre de Dios, Peru) e vockerothi (Majorca, St. Vicent, West Indians).

Abstract: Data on twenty-seven known representatives of the muscoid genus Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, were studied through different techniques of the Phenetic Taxonomy associated with quantitative approach to cladistic analysis. By using simultaneously both methods, it was possible to reduce the number of characters from seventy-seven - twenty-one quantitative and fifty-six qualitative attributes - to nineteen most significative ones. In order to remove size effect, the measurements were converted into ratios. Males and females were studied separately. From seventy­ seven characters, sixty-six are common to both sexes, four restricted to males and seven to females. Four groups of neotropical species were obtained, namely: mexicana-group (major, mexicana, minuta, nigerrima and robusta), the most closely related to the Nearctic species; brasiliensis-group (bella, brasiliensis, elongata, gallicola, giacomeli, jamaicensis, machadoi, santoamarensis, sensistarsis, simplex, splendida e tachinoides) living in the several morphoclimatic region of South America; femorata-group femorata, texensis and vockeroth); and confined to Argentina e South and Southeastern Brasil the trigona-group (anoctiluca, cacheuta, catamacla, catharinensis, noctiluca, plaumanni and trigona). The following thirteen new species are fully described: anoctiluca (from Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Brazil), bella (from Avispas, Madre de Dios, Peru), catharinensis (from Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Brazil), jamaicensis (from Jamaica), major (from Durango, Durango, Mexico), mexicana (from La Ciudad, Durango, Mexico), minuta (from El Salto, Durango, Mexico), nigerrima (from Amanalco, Mexico, Mexico), plaumanni (from Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Brazil), robusta (from El Salto, Durango, Mexico), sensitarsis (from Avispas, Madre de Dias, Peru) splendida (Avispas, Madre de Dios, Peru) and vockerothi (from Majorca, St. Vicent, West Indians).