Bioprospecção da flora aromática de um segmento de floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana do Paraná

Abstract

Resumo: O oleo essencial produzido por especies aromaticas nativas do Brasil possui apresentam grande importancia economica devido ao seu emprego na fabricacao de produtos de higiene e limpeza, alimenticios, bebidas, farmaceuticos e cosmeticos. Devido a carencia de estudos sobre as especies nativas em relacao a potencialidade aromatica, a presente dissertacao teve como objetivos quantificar o teor de oleo essencial de especies nativas de um importante remanescente de Floresta Ombrofila Mista Montana no sul do Brasil pertencente ao Bioma Mata Atlantica. Para o processo de extracao de oleos essenciais, foram coletadas 60 especies em Piraquara (PR). A extracao do oleo essencial de amostras vegetais frescas e secas foi realizada por hidrodestilacao em aparelho tipo Clevenger durante e 4 horas e 30 minutos. As amostras secas foram obtidas mantendo o material vegetal em estufa a 45 ‹C durante 48 horas. Alem do teor de oleo essencial, as amostras obtidas de especies de Baccharis foram analisadas quanto a composicao por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa. Do total das especies coletadas, 91,7 % apresentaram oleo essencial. As especies Piptocarpha regnellii, Vernonanthura westiniana, Gochnatia polymorpha, Lithraea brasiliensis e Ilex thezans nao apresentaram oleo essencial. Os maiores teores foram observados nas familias Asteraceae (Erechtites valerianifolius, Grazielia gaudichaudeana e Campovassouria cruciata), Myrtaceae (Campomanesia guaviroba), Lamiaceae (Ocimum carnosum), Lauraceae (Ocotea odorifera) e Salicaceae (Casearia sylvestris). Os constituintes majoritarios nas amostras frescas de oleo essencial do genero Baccharis revelaram a predominancia de monoterpenos (ƒ¿-tujeno, ƒ¿-pineno, ƒÀ-pineno, limoneno e acetato de carquejila) e sesquiterpenos (germacreno D e espatulenol). Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho em area de Floresta Ombrofila Mista Montana da Mata Atlantica demonstram a presenca de varias especies vegetais com potencial aromatico.

Abstract: The essential oil produced by native aromatic species in Brazil has presented great economic importance due to its use in the manufacture of hygiene and cleaning products, food, beverages, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Due to lack of studies about native species in relation the aromatic potential, the present dissertation had as objective quantify the yield of essential oil of native species of an important remaining of Montane Mixed Ombrofila Forest in the southern Brazil belonging to the biome Forest Atlantic. For the extraction process of essential oils, were collected 60 species in Piraquara (Parana). The extraction of essential oil from fresh and dried plant samples was carried out by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger type apparatus during 4 hours and 30 minutes. Dried samples were obtained by keeping the plant material in an oven at 45 ° C for 48 hours. In addition to the essential oil yield for the Baccharis genus was conducted the characterization of the chemical compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total species collected, was the presence of essential oil in 91.7 % of the species. The species Piptocarpha regnellii, Vernonanthura westiniana, Gochnatia polymorpha, Lithraea brasiliensis and Ilex thezans did not showed essential oil. The highest yield were observed in families Asteraceae (Erechtites valerianifolius, Grazielia gaudichaudeana e Campovassouria cruciata), Myrtaceae (Campomanesia guaviroba), Lamiaceae (Ocimum carnosum), Lauraceae (Ocotea odorifera) and Salicaceae (Casearia sylvestris). The majority chemical constituents in fresh samples of the Baccharis genus have revealed the predominance of monoterpenes (?-thujene, ?-pinene, ?-pinene, limonene and carquejyl acetate) and sesquiterpenes (germacrene D and spathulenol). The results obtained in this study in the area of Montane Mixed Ombrofila Forest showed the existence of various plant species with high aromatic potential.